Preserving Local Wisdom: Unaizah's Coffee Culture and Dates Farming Sustaining Cultural Heritage
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article explores the profound significance of Unaizah's coffee culture and dates farming in sustaining the region's cultural heritage. It highlights the unique relationship between coffee shops and dates farms, emphasizing their role in sustaining the economy, society, and environment while safeguarding local wisdom. Unaizah, renowned for its dates farming and traditional coffee cultures, holds a prominent position in global agriculture. This article delves into the historical context, economic implications, societal dynamics, and ecological sustainability intertwined with Unaizah's coffee culture and dates farming. The findings unequivocally demonstrate the pivotal role of these practices in preserving local wisdom and cultural heritage, underscoring the importance of understanding and honoring Unaizah's distinctive traditions in an ever-changing world.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abul-Soad, A. A., Jain, S. M., & Jatoi, M. A. (2017). Biodiversity and conservation of date palm. Biodiversity and conservation of woody plants, 313-353.
Al Arabiya. (2020). Get to know Saudi Arabia’s famous annual festival of Unaizah dates. Retrieved from https://english.alarabiya.net/variety/2020/08/17/Saudi-s-famous-annual-festival-of-Unaizah-dates
Al Hinai, A., & Jayasuriya, H. (2021). Enhancing economic productivity of irrigation water by product value addition: Case of dates. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 20(8), 553-558.
Al-Absi, R. S., Abu-Dieyeh, M., & Al-Ghouti, M. A. (2021). Brine management strategies, technologies, and recovery using adsorption processes. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 22, 101541.
Al-Hafi, S. (2008). قراءة في ديوان شاعر نجد الكبير محمد بن عبد الله القاضي ( 2- 2) قصيدة القهوة.. خلط الرواة فيها وقلدها الشعراء. Retrieved from https://www.alriyadh.com/391358
Al-Hatem, A. K. (1981). خِيارُ ما يُلتَقَط من شِعْرُ النَّبَط. That Alslasil.
Al-Hedhaif, M. (2007). Sustainability of agriculture in the Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. University of Arkansas.
Al-Jazirah. (2008). قصيدة القهوة للقاضي والرهان المزعوم. Retrieved from http://www.al-jazirah.com/2008/20080111/tr3.htm
Almahmoud, S. (2015). The Majlis Metamorphosis: Virtues of Local Traditional Environmental Design in a Contemporary Context.
AL-Sabah. (2013). الشاعر محمد بن عبد الله القاضي وقصيدة القهوة. Retrieved from http://www.alsabahpress.com/public/2013-03-15/6606
Al-Samarat, B. (2015). قصيــدة الـقـهـوة / محمد العبد الله القاضي (1224 - 1285 هــ). Retrieved from https://nesan.net/?id=3912
Al-Sharida, M. S. (2022). إسهام تجار القصيم في تجارة القهوة عبر الخليج العربي 1278-1369هـ/1870-1950هـ. Darah Journal, 4, 87-130.
Al-Subaiee, F. S., Al-Ghobari, H. M., Baig, M. B., Ei-Hag, E. A., & Abu-Riziga, M. T. (2013). Studies on adoption of irrigation methods by the date palm farmers in Al-Qassim area-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 19(6), 1337-1345.
Alzaidi, A. A., Baig, M. B., Kassem, H. S., & Zia, M. A. (2018). The role of cooperative association in providing the agricultural services in the governorate of Unaizah-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Anderson, E. J., Ali, M. L., Beavis, W. D., Chen, P., Clemente, T. E., Diers, B. W., ... & Tilmon, K. J. (2019). Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding: History, improvement, production and future opportunities. Advances in plant breeding strategies: legumes: Volume 7, 431-516.
Arabnews. (2021). Saudi date exports up 7.1% to $247 million in 2021. Retrieved from https://arab.news/8zuk8
Arabnews. (2023). Saudi Coffee Company set to share Jazan’s specialty coffee with the world. Retrieved from https://arab.news/pdrtk
BBC. (2022). The country calling 2022 the 'year of coffee'. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220608-why-2022-is-the-year-of-saudi-coffee
Blumer, H. (1966). Sociological implications of the thought of George Herbert Mead. American journal of sociology, 71(5), 535-544.
Blumer, H. (2013). Society as symbolic interaction. In Human behavior and social processes (pp. 179-192). Routledge.
Boreux, V., Vaast, P., Madappa, L. P., Cheppudira, K. G., Garcia, C., & Ghazoul, J. (2016). Agroforestry coffee production increased by native shade trees, irrigation, and liming. Agronomy for sustainable development, 36, 1-9.
Brookshaw, D. P. (2003). Palaces, Pavilions and Pleasure-gardens: the context and setting of the medieval majlis. Middle Eastern Literatures, 6(2), 199-223.
Chandrasekaran, M., & Bahkali, A. H. (2013). Valorization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit processing by-products and wastes using bioprocess technology–Review. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 20(2), 105-120.
Chou, C. J., Chen, K. S., & Wang, Y. Y. (2012). Green practices in the restaurant industry from an innovation adoption perspective: Evidence from Taiwan. International journal of hospitality management, 31(3), 703-711.
Dhaouadi, L., Besser, H., Karbout, N., Al-Omran, A., Wassar, F., Wahba, M. S., ... & Hamed, Y. (2021). Irrigation water management for sustainable cultivation of date palm. Applied Water Science, 11, 1-19.
Di Marino, M., & Lapintie, K. (2018). Exploring multi-local working: challenges and opportunities for contemporary cities. International Planning Studies.
Dolan, C. S. (2004). On farm and packhouse: employment at the bottom of a global value chain. Rural sociology, 69(1), 99-126.
Elsabea, A. M. (2012). An economic study of processing problems for the main important varieties of dates in Saudi Arabia. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 57(2), 153-159.
Frost, W., Laing, J., Wheeler, F., & Reeves, K. (2010). Coffee culture, heritage and destination image: Melbourne and the Italian model. Coffee culture, destinations and tourism, 24, 99.
Ginting, N., Tarigan, A. N., & Royba, I. A. (2020, April). Biogas: Alternative energy on supporting environmentally coffee shop in Samosir Island. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 452, No. 1, p. 012124). IOP Publishing.
Global Coffee Platform. (2020). Sustainable Coffee Purchases, Snapshot 2019 & 2020. Retrieved from https://www.globalcoffeeplatform.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GCP_Snapshot_2019_2020.pdf
Goodman, D. (2008). The international coffee crisis: A review of the issues. Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Fair Trade, Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mexico and Central America. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 3-26.
Gourville, J. T., & Soman, D. (1998). Payment depreciation: The behavioral effects of temporally separating payments from consumption. Journal of consumer research, 25(2), 160-174.
Hakim, L. (2021). Coffee: ethnobotany, tourism and biodiversity conservation in East Java. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 743, No. 1, p. 012063). IOP Publishing.
Hartmann, M., Khalil, S., Bernet, T., Ruhland, F., & Al Ghamdi, A. (2012). Organic Agriculture in Saudi Arabia. Sector Study.
Henriksen, I. M., Skjølsvold, T. M., & Grønning, I. (2013). The café community. In Café society (pp. 87-101). New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.
Ibrahim, A. O., Bashir, F. M., Ojobo, H., Dodo, Y. A., Abdulmumin, I., & Christian, O. I. (2021). Opting for Enriching Saudi Arabia’s Tourism Attraction Sites towards the Realization of Vision 2030. Elementary Education Online, 20(5), 4101-4114.
International Coffee Organization. (2020). ICO - World Coffee Production. Retrieved from https://www.ico.org/prices/po-production.pdf
Kourmentza, C., Economou, C. N., Tsafrakidou, P., & Kornaros, M. (2018). Spent coffee grounds make much more than waste: Exploring recent advances and future exploitation strategies for the valorization of an emerging food waste stream. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 980-992.
Lamarque, P., Tappeiner, U., Turner, C., Steinbacher, M., Bardgett, R. D., Szukics, U., ... & Lavorel, S. (2011). Stakeholder perceptions of grassland ecosystem services in relation to knowledge on soil fertility and biodiversity. Regional environmental change, 11, 791-804.
Li, C. Z., & Löfgren, K. G. (1998). A dynamic model of biodiversity preservation. Environment and Development Economics, 3(2), 157-172.
Lin, J. (2010). The power of urban ethnic places: Cultural heritage and community life. Routledge.
M Baabdullah, R. (2020). Traditional Domestic Architecture in Al-Baha Region. Retrieved from https://repository.effatuniversity.edu.sa/bitstream/handle/20.500.14131/225/Traditional%20Domestic%20Architecture%20in%20Al-Baha%20Region%20-%20Traditional%20Domestic%20Architecture.pdf?sequence=1
Magni, G. (2017). Indigenous knowledge and implications for the sustainable development agenda. European Journal of Education, 52(4), 437-447.
Maletic, M. (2023). Coffee Production and Export Statistics: Latest Data On Global Coffee Trade. Retrieved from https://craftcoffeespot.com/coffee-production-and-export-statistics/
Martiskainen, M., Heiskanen, E., & Speciale, G. (2018). Community energy initiatives to alleviate fuel poverty: the material politics of Energy Cafés. Local Environment, 23(1), 20-35.
Maspul, K. A. (2021). Specialty Coffee Trends Post-Lockdown in the United Arab Emirates. Academia Letters, 2, 1-5.
Maspul, K. A. (2022). Coffee Acculturation in Saudi Arabia: Diversifying Local Wisdom and Strengthening Sustainable Economy in Coffee Value Chain. EKOMA: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, 1(2), 271-283.
Maspul, K. A. (2022a). Tourism Development Through Creative Economy in Saudi Arabia: Sustaining Coffee as a Culinary Destination in Buraidah. AJIRSS: Asian Journal of Innovative Research in Social Science, 1(2), 74-81.
Maspul, K. A. (2022b). Strengthening sustainability in the Coffee Value Chain: Maintaining Hail's Specialty Coffee as a Culinary Destination in Saudi Arabia. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling (JPDK), 4(5), 4537-4545.
Maspul, K. A. (2022c). Specialty Coffee in the United Arab Emirates: Challenges and Opportunities. ULIL ALBAB: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 1(6), 1775-1783.
Maspul, K. A. (2023). The Emergence of Local Coffee Brands: A Paradigm Shift in Jakarta Coffee Culture. EKOMA: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, 3(1), 135-149.
Maspul, K. A. (2023a). A Harmonious Symphony of Fourth-Wave Coffee Culture: How The Relationship Between Coffee and Local Wisdom Contributes to Sustainability and Ethical Practices in Community. ULIL ALBAB: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 2(5), 1896-1922.
Maspul, K. A. (2023b). Improving the Fourth Wave of Coffee in Sustaining the Coffee Value Chain as Economic Growth in Istanbul. EKOMA: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, 2(2), 375-397.
Memarian, G., & Brown, F. (2004). The shared characteristics of Iranian and Arab courtyard houses. In Courtyard Housing (pp. 49-62). Taylor & Francis.
Metrick, A., & Weitzman, M. L. (1998). Conflicts and choices in biodiversity preservation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(3), 21-34.
Moalem, R. M., & Mosgaard, M. A. (2021). A critical review of the role of repair cafés in a sustainable circular transition. Sustainability, 13(22), 12351.
Mukhtar, M., Rasool, K. G., Parrella, M. P., Sheikh, Q. I., Pain, A., Lopez-Llorca, L. V., ... & Aldawood, A. S. (2011). New initiatives for management of red palm weevil threats to historical Arabian date palms. Florida Entomologist, 94(4), 733-736.
Mungmachon, M. R. (2012). Knowledge and local wisdom: Community treasure. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(13), 174-181.
National Centre for Palms and Dates. (2023). دليـل رعايــة النخلــة. Retrieved from https://ncpd.org.sa/elnakhel/public/storage/omissives/palm-care.pdf
National Centre for Palms and Dates. (2023a). The National Center for Palms and Dates in numbers. Retrieved from https://ncpd.org.sa/elnakhel/public/
Onciul, B., Stefano, M. L., & Hawke, S. (Eds.). (2017). Engaging heritage, engaging communities (Vol. 20). Boydell & Brewer.
Padmapriya, R., Tharian, J. A., & Thirunalasundari, T. (2013). Coffee waste management-An overview. Int. J. Curr. Sci, 9, 83-91.
Prinz, R., Okkonen, L., & Lehtonen, O. (2015). Socio-economic opportunities through renewable energy demonstrations and interlinked tourism development.
Raveendran, A., & Murthy, P. S. (2022). New trends in specialty coffees-“the digested coffees”. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62(17), 4622-4628.
Rice, R. A. (2008). Agricultural intensification within agroforestry: the case of coffee and wood products. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 128(4), 212-218.
Safwat, M. S. A. (2007). Organic farming of date palm and recycling of their wastes. In African crop science conference proceedings (Vol. 8, pp. 2109-2111).
Saudi Press Agency. (2022). 65 Countries Receive Dates from Unaizah International Dates Season. Retrieved from https://sp.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2377269
Shabani, F., Kumar, L., & Taylor, S. (2015). Distribution of date palms in the middle east based on future climate scenarios. Experimental Agriculture, 51(2), 244-263.
Shalowitz, M. U., Isacco, A., Barquin, N., Clark-Kauffman, E., Delger, P., Nelson, D., ... & Wagenaar, K. A. (2009). Community-based participatory research: a review of the literature with strategies for community engagement. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 30(4), 350-361.
Singh, C. S. K. (2003). Skill, education and employment: A dissenting essay. Economic and political weekly, 3271-3276.
Sobh, R., & Belk, R. (2011). Domains of privacy and hospitality in Arab Gulf homes. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2(2), 125-137
Sumarti, T., & Falatehan, S. F. (2016). The role and position of young coffee farmers: The gap between generations in the coffee business. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 9, 500-509.
The National. (2021). The Saudi Date Festival in Unaizah - in pictures. Retrieved from https://www.thenationalnews.com/gulf-news/saudi-arabia/2021/08/12/the-saudi-date-festival-at-unaizah-city-in-pictures/
Thompson, K. A., Al-Aujan, D. T., Al-Nazha, R., Al Lwaimy, S., & Al-Shehab, S. (2012). Saudi Arabia’s economic diversification: A case study in entrepreneurship. The Journal of Management and Business Research, 2(2), 37-40.
Ukers, W. H. (1935). All about coffee (Vol. 1). Library of Alexandria.
UNESCO. (2015). Arabic coffee, a symbol of generosity. Retrieved from https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/arabic-coffee-a-symbol-of-generosity-01074
UNESCO. (2022). Knowledge and practices related to cultivating Khawlani coffee beans. Retrieved from https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/knowledge-and-practices-related-to-cultivating-khawlani-coffee-beans-01863
Walton, J. (2021). The 5 Countries that Produce the Most Coffee. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/091415/5-countries-produce-most-coffee.asp
Wang, R. (2012). Investigations of important and effective effects of green practices in restaurants. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 94-98.
Watson, S., & Waterton, E. (2013). Heritage and community engagement: finding a new agenda. In Heritage and Community Engagement (pp. 1-11). Routledge.
Woldoff, R. A., Lozzi, D. M., & Dilks, L. M. (2013). The social transformation of coffee houses: The emergence of chain establishments and the private nature of usage. Int'l J. Soc. Sci. Stud., 1, 205.
World Coffee Portal. (2022). Saudi Coffee Company seeks 700% coffee production growth by 2028. Retrieved from https://www.worldcoffeeportal.com/Latest/News/2022/October/Saudi-Coffee-Company-seeks-700-coffee-production-g
Zimmermann, A., Webber, H., Zhao, G., Ewert, F., Kros, J., Wolf, J., ... & de Vries, W. (2017). Climate change impacts on crop yields, land use and environment in response to crop sowing dates and thermal time requirements. Agricultural Systems, 157, 81-92.